ELDs are mandated by FMCSA (49 CFR Part 395) for most CMV drivers who are required to keep records of duty status (RODS). The device connects to the vehicle's engine and automatically records engine hours, vehicle movement, miles driven, and location. Unlike paper logs, ELDs eliminate manual entries and make HOS fraud significantly more difficult. Exemptions exist for drivers of vehicles manufactured before 2000, short-haul operations, and certain specialized haulers. ELD data must be transferable to safety officials during roadside inspections via wireless or USB.