The OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard (29 CFR 1910.1030) requires employers to protect workers who have reasonably anticipated occupational exposure to blood and other potentially infectious materials (OPIM). Key requirements include: a written Exposure Control Plan updated annually, use of Universal Precautions (treating all blood/OPIM as infectious), engineering controls (sharps containers, self-sheathing needles), work practice controls, PPE, hepatitis B vaccination at no cost, post-exposure evaluation and follow-up, employee training at hire and annually, and proper labeling/disposal. Industries with high exposure include healthcare, first responders, laboratory workers, and custodial staff.