An employer drug and alcohol policy is a written document that establishes the organization's position on substance use and outlines the drug and alcohol testing program. A comprehensive policy includes: purpose statement and scope, definitions of prohibited conduct, substances covered, testing circumstances (pre-employment, random, reasonable suspicion, post-accident, return-to-duty, follow-up), specimen types and procedures, consequences for positive results and refusals, employee assistance program (EAP) information, prescription medication and CBD/marijuana guidance, confidentiality protections, and employee acknowledgment requirements. For DOT-regulated employers, the policy must meet 49 CFR Part 382 requirements. State laws may dictate additional policy content, distribution methods, and notice requirements.